The Persian letters of Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi and a study of the aspects and reasons for their connection with the poems of Hafez

Document Type : Original Article

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Ravansar Education Department - Kermanshah Province - Ministry of Education

10.22034/lda.2025.143332.1036

Abstract

Abstract:
Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi (1243 AH - 1193 AH), who is considered the head of the Naqshbandi order in Kurdistan, is a classical Kurdish poet and writer who has a collection of Persian letters and writings. This article examines the relationship between the discourse of power and the choice of Persian language and the use of Hafez's poems in Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi's letters and writings.
This article, using Michel Foucault's discourse theory in the field of power, knowledge, and truth, shows that Maulana Khalid's acceptance of the Naqshbandiyya order not only influenced his spiritual beliefs, but also exposed him to a discursive system in which Persian was promoted as the main language of Sufism and mysticism. By being in this discourse system, Maulana Khalid followed many of the linguistic and literary specificities of that historical period and in producing many texts in the style of other writers of this period, he sought his linguistic and literary model in the works of great Sufi poets and writers. This article shows that Maulana Khalid, by being in this discourse, always relied on many of the ritual and religious signs and signifiers found in Persian poetry and literature, especially Hafez's poetry, to teach his audience the teachings of the path, and therefore referred to many of the Sufi codes and Persian poetry in his writings.

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