Critical Discourse Analysis in the Novel Ghoroub Parvaneh

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Razi UniversityDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Master of Science in Sociology, Razi University of Kermanshah

3 PhD student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Razi University of Kermanshah

10.22034/lda.2025.143341.1037

Abstract

Critical discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary theory and method used in the analysis of various types of texts. Norman Fairclough is one of the leading theorists of critical discourse analysis who interpreted texts by elevating text analysis from the level of description to the level of explanation and by involving the components of ideology, power and history. The present study aims to reread the novel Ghorob Parvaneh by Bakhtiar Ali at three levels of description, explanation and interpretation using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach. The initial findings of the study from the perspective of critical discourse analysis indicate that at the level of description, Bakhtiar Ali's novels narrate the story in a non-linear manner, and the chronological sequence is not observed; Rather, the past, present, and future are mixed together, making it difficult for the reader to understand time. In addition, the descriptive language of Bakhtiar Ali's stories moves in a conversational manner. The sentences are narrated in a simple and fluent manner in a tangible and real way in the form of news. At the level of explanation and interpretation, it should also be noted that the main axis of Bakhtiar Ali's novel is the expression of political and social relations in Iraqi Kurdistan, which is reflected in the different types of characters in the novel. Each of these types of Bakhtiar Ali's novel is a retelling of the collective and individual suffering of the people of Iraqi Kurdistan.

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