The representation of social actions (action and reaction) in Akhavan Sales’s Narrative Poem (“Setarvasn”) based on van Leeuwen's discursive model

Action and reaction is one of the binary oppositions proposed in Van Leeuwen's (1995) model of social actions, which can be investigated in the process of representing social actions. In order to represent social actions in “Setarvan”, the present research has focused on the opposite duality of action and reaction. The results of the research show that the symbolic actions of the black cloud are based on making baseless claims about raining and the promise of watering, which are formulated through both of the approaches of material action and semiotic action with their branches. According to van Leeuwen, reactions to black cloud claims are also divided into three categories: Cognitive reaction, Affective reaction, and Perceptive reaction. Meanwhile, the Affective ​​​​​​​reaction of the thirsty group (the symbol of the general public) is due to desperation and lack of power, and it is an ideal image of public understanding. On the other hand, the reaction of the fog and old reaper (the symbol of the wise and intellectuals), which is a perceptive reaction, expresses a scholarly understanding of the action. It seems that, considering the ending indicating the continuation of the thirst of the thirsty group, the lack of change in the situation, the revelation of the lie of the black cloud and the high frequency of the discourse of despair and hopelessness in the poems of the Brotherhood, as a symbolist poet, he reacted to the perceptive reaction of the fog and old reaper. considered superior